| Application |
http (tcp 80), https (tcp 443), ftp (tcp 20,21), telnet (tcp 23), tftp (udp 69),SMTP (tcp 25), DNS (tcp and udp 53) |
| Presentation |
translation ASCII, EBCDIC (.wav, .jpg, .mov, .avi, etc.) |
| Session |
establishing, maintaining and terminating the connection RPC(remote procedure call), SMB, ZIP (zone information protocol) |
| Transport |
tcp (connection oriented) udp (connectionless) |
| Network |
IP , ICMP, IGMP, ARP, RARP, INVERSE-ARP, RIP, RIPv2 , IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF, IS-IS |
| Data Link |
LLC(Logical Link Control) CSMA/CA, LAPF (uses Frame-Relay[deprecated]), ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode), SONET (Synchronous Optical Network), HDLC, PPP physical address (MAC address) |
| Physical |
media, electrical, procedural and mechanical standards IEEE 802.3 (ETH), 802.11 (wireless) CAT 5,6 |